导言

在汽车行业,硬件安全模块(HSM)、硬件安全引擎(HSE)和安全硬件扩展(SHE)的概念在确保关键系统和敏感数据的安全性和完整性方面发挥着关键作用。虽然这些技术的共同目标是增强安全性,但它们的应用和功能却有很大不同。这篇技术文章旨在探讨汽车行业中 HSM、HSE 和 SHE 之间的区别,阐明它们的具体实施方法和优势。

硬件安全模块(HSM)

在汽车行业,硬件安全模块(HSM)是一种专用加密设备,旨在加强汽车系统各方面的安全性。部署 HSM 的目的是保护敏感信息,促进安全通信,并确保联网汽车内关键操作的完整性。HSM 提供强大的安全机制和密钥管理功能,以应对汽车行业面临的独特挑战,例如确保车对车通信的安全、保护固件更新和确保可信软件的执行。

HSM 在汽车领域的主要应用:

  • 安全通信:HSM 支持车内电子控制单元 (ECU) 之间的安全通信渠道,确保数据传输的保密性、完整性和身份验证。这包括安全信息协议、安全远程访问和安全车辆到基础设施通信。
  • 固件更新:HSM 在确保汽车系统空中下载(OTA)软件更新的安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。HSM 验证固件更新、验证其完整性,并确保只有可信的授权软件才能安装到车辆上,从而防止未经授权的修改和潜在漏洞。
  • 密钥管理:HSM 可安全地存储用于各种目的的加密密钥,如车辆访问、身份验证、加密和数字签名。它们保护这些密钥免遭未经授权的访问,并提供安全的密钥配置机制。
211214 escrypt hsm 3
fig1 s32k3 automotive processor

硬件安全引擎(HSE)

在汽车行业,硬件安全引擎(HSE)是指集成到汽车系统中的专用硬件组件,用于加速加密操作,提供更强的安全性和性能。HSE 的设计目的是将计算密集型加密任务从主处理器上卸载下来,在不影响系统性能的情况下确保高效、安全的加密操作。

HSE 在汽车领域的主要应用

安全通信协议:HSE 可加速安全通信协议(如传输层安全协议 (TLS) 和安全套接字层 (SSL))中使用的加密操作。这可确保在车辆与外部实体之间进行安全数据传输时,快速高效地加密和解密数据。 数字签名:HSE 为生成和验证数字签名提供硬件加速。这样就能对数据进行认证和完整性验证,确保信息或软件组件来自可信来源,未被篡改。 安全存储:HSE 提供基于硬件的安全存储功能,允许汽车系统安全存储加密密钥、证书和敏感数据。这可以防止未经授权的访问、盗窃或篡改关键信息。 支持硬件加速的安全启动过程,确保软件执行的可信性和防篡改性。

安全硬件扩展(SHE)

汽车行业中的安全硬件扩展(SHE)是指微控制器或片上系统(SoC)设备中的集成安全功能或模块。安全硬件扩展提供基于硬件的安全功能,以加强汽车系统的整体安全态势。这些功能包括安全启动过程、加密密钥的安全存储、篡改检测机制和安全调试接口。SHE 有助于确保汽车系统内关键功能的完整性和保密性,并防止潜在的攻击。
images 1

SHE 在汽车领域的主要应用:

  • 安全启动程序:SHE 支持安全启动程序,可在车辆启动过程中验证软件的真实性和完整性。这可确保只执行可信和经过验证的软件组件,从而降低运行恶意或未经授权代码的风险。
  • 安全存储:SHE 为加密密钥、敏感数据和安全固件更新提供安全存储机制。这可以防止未经授权的访问、篡改或从车辆中提取关键信息。
  • 篡改检测和响应:SHE 具有篡改检测机制,可识别物理攻击或未经授权的操纵或访问关键系统组件的企图。这些机制会触发适当的响应,如禁用某些功能或启动安全协议,以减轻潜在威胁。
  • 安全调试接口:SHE 提供安全调试接口,可防止在调试或维护活动期间未经授权访问关键系统资源。这可确保只有经过授权的实体才能访问汽车系统的敏感组件并与之交互。

结论

在汽车行业中,硬件安全模块(HSM)、硬件安全引擎(HSE)和安全硬件扩展(SHE)在加强关键系统和敏感数据的安全性和完整性方面发挥着不同但互补的作用。HSM 可确保密钥管理、加密操作和敏感信息的安全保护。HSE 提供硬件加速加密功能,在保持安全性的同时提高系统性能。SHE 提供基于硬件的安全功能,如安全启动过程、安全存储、篡改检测和安全调试接口,以防止潜在攻击并确保汽车系统的完整性。了解这些差异对于汽车制造商和开发人员来说至关重要,他们的目标是根据汽车行业的独特要求实施强大的安全措施。

目录

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